I was always the sort of person to enable the Battery Percentage option on all of my older iPhones, but since the introduction of notched handsets starting with the iPhone X in 2017, Apple appears to have nixed this feature from all but the non-notched handsets, requiring you to open Control Center to see a numeric battery percentage.
Those looking for a better battery indicator solution on their notch-equipped iPhones may want to try out a newly released and free jailbreak tweak called DigtalBattery13 by iOS developer Asterix. Just as the name implies, this tweak gives your handset an actual numeric battery readout as opposed to just an icon.